Subspecies in India
(1) Papilio polytes romulus Cramer, [1775] – Indian Common Mormon
(2) Papilio polytes stichioides Evans, 1912 – Andaman Common Mormon
(3) Papilio polytes nikobarus Felder & Felder, 1862 – Nicobar Common Mormon
Taxonomic Information
A polytypic species with multiple subspecies in India.
Conservation and Special status
This species is not legally protected in India under any schedules of WildLife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Photo Gallery and Species Biology
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| State | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | No date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | ||||
| Andhra Pradesh | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Arunachal Pradesh | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Assam | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Bihar | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Chandigarh | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Chhattisgarh | 5 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 25 | 5 | 4 | ||||
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli UT | |||||||||||||
| Daman & Diu UT | |||||||||||||
| Delhi | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 6 | 3 | |||||
| Goa | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Gujarat | 12 | 20 | 55 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 14 | |||||
| Haryana | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Himachal Pradesh | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||
| Jammu and Kashmir UT | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Jharkhand | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Karnataka | 14 | 11 | 20 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 24 | 29 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 8 | |
| Kerala | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 33 | 17 | 23 | 32 | 10 | 16 | 8 | |
| Ladakh UT | |||||||||||||
| Lakshadweep | |||||||||||||
| Madhya Pradesh | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||
| Maharashtra | 14 | 11 | 23 | 28 | 29 | 21 | 55 | 58 | 106 | 57 | 43 | 34 | |
| Manipur | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Meghalaya | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Mizoram | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Nagaland | |||||||||||||
| Odisha | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Puducherry UT | |||||||||||||
| Punjab | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||
| Rajasthan | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Sikkim | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Tamil Nadu | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Telangana | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Tripura | 2 | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||
| Uttar Pradesh | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 11 | ||||||||
| Uttarakhand | 1 | 1 | 7 | 14 | 4 | 3 | |||||||
| West Bengal | 8 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 16 | 11 | 19 | 15 | |
| Total | 58 | 57 | 111 | 88 | 107 | 99 | 120 | 145 | 235 | 164 | 136 | 95 |
Aegle marmelos, Atalantia racemosa, Citrus spp., Citrus aurantiifolia, Citrus aurantium, Citrus limon (=Citrus latifolia), Citrus maxima, Citrus medica, Clausena anisata (=Clausena dentata), Correa spp., Glycosmis spp., Glycosmis pentaphylla, Limonia acidissima, Murraya spp., Murraya koenigii, Murraya paniculata, Ravenia spectabilis, Triphasia spp., Zanthoxylum spp., Zanthoxylum armatum, Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Rutaceae).
Key Reference:
Nitin, R., V. C. Balakrishnan, P. V. Churi, S. Kalesh, S. Prakash, and K. Kunte. 2018. Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 10(4): 11495–11550.
For the complete list of larval host plants of Indian butterflies, see the page on larval host plants.
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Test ref.
Page citation
Saji, K., Prashanth S. N., T. Karmakar, J. A. Jacob, and K. Mohit 2026. Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758 – Common Mormon. In Kunte, K., S. Sondhi, and P. Roy (Chief Editors). Butterflies of India, v. 4.12. Published by the Indian Foundation for Butterflies. URL: https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/papilio-polytes, accessed 2026/06/04.